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Entisol

Type of soil

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Entisols are soils, as defined under USDA soil taxonomy, that do not show any profile development other than an A-horizon (or “A” horizon). Entisols have no diagnostic horizons, and are unaltered from their parent material, which could be unconsolidated sediment, or rock. Entisols are the most common soils, occupying about 16% of the global ice-free land area.

Because of the diversity of their properties, suborders of entisols form individual Reference Soil Groups in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB): psamments correlate with arenosols, and fluvents with fluvisols. Many orthents belong to regosols or leptosols. Most wassents and aquic subgroups of other suborders belong to the gleysols.

In Australia, most entisols are known as rudosols or tenosols.

01Causes of delayed or absent development

Entisols of stabilized sand dunes often fall into the Psamment soil suborder.
Entisols of stabilized sand dunes often fall into the Psamment soil suborder.

02Suborders

  • Aquents, heavily saturated or soaked soils, mostly present at riparian locations (such as river banks, tidal mudflats, estuaries, etc). Here, consistent saturation limits development.
  • Fluvents, alluvial soils, where development is prevented by repeated deposition of sediment during periodic flooding events; present in valleys or river deltas, especially those with high sediment load.
  • Orthents, shallow or "skeletal" soils; found at sites of recent erosion events, or very old landforms completely devoid of weatherable minerals.
  • Psamments, Entisols that are sandy (through all layers), and in which development is precluded by the impossibility of weathering the sand; formed from shifting or glacial sand dunes.
  • Wassents, Entisols that have a positive water potential at the soil surface for more than 21 hours of each day, in all years.
Much of the fertile agricultural soils of the Nile valley in Egypt are Entisols developed on alluvial materials (soil suborders Fluvent and Aquent)
Much of the fertile agricultural soils of the Nile valley in Egypt are Entisols developed on alluvial materials (soil suborders Fluvent and Aquent)

03Paleopedology

Most fossil soils, before the development of terrestrial vegetation in the Silurian, are entisols that show no distinct soil horizons. Entisols are common in the paleopedological record ever since the Silurian; however, unlike other soil orders (oxisol, ultisol, gelisol, etc) they do not have value as indicators of climate. Orthents may sometimes indicate an extremely ancient landscape with minimal soil formation (i.e., Australia today).

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Sources and credits

This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article Entisol, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.

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