August 22

Pre-1600

• 392 , Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
• 851 , Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland, halting the expansion of West Francia.
• 1138 , Battle of the Standard between Scotland and England.
• 1153 , Crusader-Fatimid wars: The fortress of Ascalon is surrendered by Fatimid Egypt to an army of crusaders, Templars, and Hospitallers led by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem.
• 1485 , The Battle of Bosworth Field occurs; King Richard III of England's death in battle marks the end of the reigning Plantagenet dynasty and the beginning of the Tudors under Henry VII.
• 1559 , Spanish archbishop Bartolomé Carranza is arrested for heresy.

1601-1900

• 1614 , Fettmilch uprising: Jews are expelled from Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire, following the plundering of the Judengasse.
• 1639 , Madras (now Chennai), India, is founded by the British East India Company on a sliver of land bought from local Nayak rulers.
• 1642 , Charles I raises his standard in Nottingham, which marks the beginning of the English Civil War.
• 1654 , Jacob Barsimson arrives in New Amsterdam. He is the first known Jewish immigrant to America.
• 1703 , A janissary revolt forces the deposition of Ottoman sultan Mustafa II.
• 1711 , Britain's Quebec Expedition loses eight ships and almost nine hundred soldiers, sailors and women to rocks at Pointe-aux-Anglais.
• 1717 , Spanish troops land on Sardinia.
• 1770 , James Cook names and lands on Possession Island, and claims the east coast of Australia for Britain as New South Wales.
• 1777 , British forces abandon the Siege of Fort Stanwix after hearing rumors of Continental Army reinforcements.
• 1780 , James Cook's ship HMS Resolution returns to England (Cook having been killed on Hawaii during the voyage).
• 1791 , The Haitian slave revolution begins in Saint-Domingue, Haiti.
• 1798 , French troops land at Kilcummin, County Mayo, Ireland to aid the rebellion.
• 1827 , José de La Mar becomes President of Peru.
• 1846 , The Second Federal Republic of Mexico is established.
• 1849 , Passaleão incident: João Maria Ferreira do Amaral, the governor of Portuguese Macau, is assassinated by a group of Chinese locals, triggering a military confrontation between China and Portugal at the Battle of Passaleão three days later.
• 1851 , The first America's Cup is won by the yacht America.
• 1864 , Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention, establishing the rules of protection of the victims of armed conflicts.
• 1875 , The Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Japan and Russia is ratified, providing for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands.
• 1894 , Mahatma Gandhi forms the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) in order to fight discrimination against Indian traders in Natal.

1901-present

• 1902 , The Cadillac Motor Company is founded.
• 1902 , Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to make a public appearance in an automobile.
• 1902 , At least 6,000 people are killed by the magnitude 7.7 Kashgar earthquake in the Tien Shan mountains.
• 1922 , Michael Collins, Commander-in-chief of the Irish Free State Army, is shot dead in an ambush during the Irish Civil War.
• 1934 , Bill Woodfull of Australia becomes the only test cricket captain to twice regain The Ashes.
• 1942 , Brazil declares war on Germany, Japan and Italy.
• 1944 , World War II: Holocaust of Kedros in Crete by German forces.
• 1949 , The Queen Charlotte earthquake is Canada's strongest since the 1700 Cascadia earthquake.
• 1953 , The penal colony on Devil's Island is permanently closed.
• 1962 , The OAS attempts to assassinate French president Charles de Gaulle.
• 1963 , X-15 Flight 91 reaches the highest altitude of the X-15 program (107.96 km (67.08 mi) (354,200 feet)).
• 1965 , Juan Marichal, pitcher for the San Francisco Giants, strikes John Roseboro, catcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers, on the head with a bat, sparking a 14-minute brawl, one of the most violent on-field incidents in sports history.
• 1966 , Labor movements NFWA and AWOC merge to become the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC), the predecessor of the United Farm Workers.
• 1968 , Pope Paul VI arrives in Bogotá, Colombia. It is the first visit of a pope to Latin America.
• 1971 , J. Edgar Hoover and John Mitchell announce the arrest of 20 of the Camden 28.
• 1972 , Rhodesia is expelled by the IOC for its racist policies.
• 1973 , The Congress of Chile votes in favour of a resolution condemning President Salvador Allende's government and demands that he resign or else be unseated through force and new elections.
• 1978 , Nicaraguan Revolution: The FSLN seizes the National Congress of Nicaragua, along with over a thousand hostages.
• 1978 , The District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment is passed by the U.S. Congress, although it is never ratified by a sufficient number of states.
• 1981 , Far Eastern Air Transport Flight 103 disintegrates in mid-air and crashes in Sanyi Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan. All 110 people on board are killed.
• 1985 , British Airtours Flight 28M suffers an engine fire during takeoff at Manchester Airport. The pilots abort but due to inefficient evacuation procedures 55 people are killed, mostly from smoke inhalation.
• 1989 , Nolan Ryan strikes out Rickey Henderson to become the first Major League Baseball pitcher to record 5,000 strikeouts.
• 1991 , Iceland is the first nation in the world to recognize the independence of the Baltic states.
• 1992 , FBI sniper Lon Horiuchi shoots and kills Vicki Weaver during an 11-day siege at her home at Ruby Ridge, Idaho.
• 1999 , China Airlines Flight 642 crashes at Hong Kong International Airport, killing three people and injuring 208 more.
• 2003 , Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama Roy Moore is suspended after refusing to comply with a federal court order to remove a rock inscribed with the Ten Commandments from the lobby of the Alabama Supreme Court building.
• 2004 , Versions of The Scream and Madonna, two paintings by Edvard Munch, are stolen at gunpoint from a museum in Oslo, Norway.
• 2006 , Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 612 crashes near the Russian border over eastern Ukraine, killing all 170 people on board.
• 2006 , Grigori Perelman is awarded the Fields Medal for his proof of the Poincaré conjecture in mathematics but refuses to accept the medal.
• 2007 , The Texas Rangers defeat the Baltimore Orioles 30-3, the most runs scored by a team in modern Major League Baseball history.
• 2012 , Ethnic clashes over grazing rights for cattle in Kenya's Tana River District result in more than 52 deaths.

Pre-1600

• 1412 , Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (died 1464)
• 1570 , Franz von Dietrichstein, Roman Catholic archbishop and cardinal (died 1636)
• 1599 , Agatha Marie of Hanau, German noblewoman (died 1636)

1601-1900

• 1601 , Georges de Scudéry, French author, poet, and playwright (died 1667)
• 1624 , Jean Regnault de Segrais, French author and poet (died 1701)
• 1647 , Denis Papin, French physicist and mathematician, developed pressure cooking (died 1712)
• 1679 , Pierre Guérin de Tencin, French cardinal (died 1758)
• 1760 , Pope Leo XII (died 1829)
• 1764 , Charles Percier, French architect and interior designer (died 1838)
• 1771 , Henry Maudslay, English engineer (died 1831)
• 1773 , Aimé Bonpland, French botanist and explorer (died 1858)
• 1778 , James Kirke Paulding, American poet, playwright, and politician, 11th United States Secretary of the Navy (died 1860)
• 1800 , Samuel David Luzzatto, Italian poet and scholar (died 1865)
• 1818 , Rudolf von Jhering, German jurist (died 1892)
• 1827 , Ezra Butler Eddy, Canadian businessman and politician (died 1906)
• 1834 , Samuel Pierpont Langley, American physicist and astronomer (died 1906)
• 1836 , Archibald Willard, American soldier and painter (died 1918)
• 1844 , George W. De Long, American Naval officer and explorer (died 1881)
• 1845 , William Lewis Douglas, American businessman and politician, 42nd Governor of Massachusetts (died 1924)
• 1847 , John Forrest, Australian politician, 1st Premier of Western Australia (died 1918)
• 1848 , Melville Elijah Stone, American publisher, founded the Chicago Daily News (died 1929)
• 1854 , Milan I of Serbia (died 1901)
• 1857 , Ned Hanlon, American baseball player and manager (died 1937)
• 1860 , Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, Polish-German technician and inventor, created the Nipkow disk (died 1940)
• 1860 , Alfred Ploetz, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (died 1940)
• 1862 , Claude Debussy, French pianist and composer (died 1918)
• 1867 , Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician and nutritionist (died 1939)
• 1867 , Charles Francis Jenkins, American inventor (died 1934)
• 1868 , Willis R. Whitney, American chemist (died 1958)
• 1873 , Alexander Bogdanov, Russian physician and philosopher (died 1928)
• 1874 , Max Scheler, German philosopher and author (died 1928)
• 1880 , Gorch Fock, German author and poet (died 1916)
• 1880 , George Herriman, American cartoonist (died 1944)
• 1881 , Bede Jarrett, English Dominican priest (died 1934)
• 1881 , James Newland, Australian soldier and policeman (died 1949)
• 1882 , Raymonde de Laroche, French pilot (died 1919)
• 1887 , Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German jurist and politician, German Minister of Foreign Affairs (died 1977)
• 1890 , Cecil Kellaway, South African actor (died 1973)
• 1891 , Henry Bachtold, Australian soldier and railway engineer (died 1983)
• 1891 , Jacques Lipchitz, Lithuanian-Italian sculptor (died 1973)
• 1893 , Wilfred Kitching, English 7th General of The Salvation Army (died 1977)
• 1893 , Dorothy Parker, American poet, short story writer, critic, and satirist (died 1967)
• 1893 , Ernest H. Volwiler, American chemist (died 1992)
• 1895 , László Almásy, Hungarian captain, pilot, and explorer (died 1951)
• 1895 , Paul Comtois, Canadian lawyer and politician, 21st Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (died 1966)
• 1896 , Laurence McKinley Gould, American geologist, educator, and polar explorer (died 1995)
• 1897 , Bill Woodfull, Australian cricketer and educator (died 1965)
• 1900 , Lisy Fischer, Swiss-born pianist and child prodigy (died 1999)

1901-present

• 1902 , Thomas Pelly, American lawyer and politician (died 1973)
• 1902 , Leni Riefenstahl, German actress, film director and propagandist (died 2003)
• 1902 , Edward Rowe Snow, American historian and author (died 1982)
• 1903 , Jerry Iger, American cartoonist, co-founded Eisner & Iger (died 1990)
• 1904 , Deng Xiaoping, Chinese soldier and politician, paramount leader and 1st Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (died 1997)
• 1908 , Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer and painter (died 2004)
• 1908 , Erwin Thiesies, German rugby player and coach (died 1993)
• 1909 , Julius J. Epstein, American screenwriter and producer (died 2000)
• 1909 , Mel Hein, American football player and coach (died 1992)
• 1913 , Leonard Pagliero, English businessman and pilot (died 2008)
• 1913 , Bruno Pontecorvo, Italian physicist and academic (died 1993)
• 1914 , Jack Dunphy, American author and playwright (died 1992)
• 1914 , Connie B. Gay, American businessman, co-founded the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum (died 1989)
• 1915 , David Dellinger, American activist (died 2004)
• 1915 , James Hillier, Canadian-American scientist, co-designed the electron microscope (died 2007)
• 1915 , Edward Szczepanik, Polish economist and politician, 15th Prime Minister of the Polish Republic in Exile (died 2005)
• 1917 , John Lee Hooker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2001)
• 1918 , Mary McGrory, American journalist and author (died 2004)
• 1920 , Ray Bradbury, American science fiction writer and screenwriter (died 2012)
• 1920 , Denton Cooley, American surgeon and scientist (died 2016)
• 1921 , Dinos Dimopoulos, Greek director and screenwriter (died 2003)
• 1921 , Tony Pawson, English cricketer, footballer, and journalist (died 2012)
• 1922 , Roberto Aizenberg, Argentine painter and sculptor (died 1996)
• 1922 , Theoni V. Aldredge, Greek-American costume designer (died 2011)
• 1922 , Frank Kelly Freas, American science fiction and fantasy artist (died 2005)
• 1924 , James Kirkwood, Jr., American playwright and author (died 1989)
• 1924 , Harishankar Parsai, Indian writer, satirist and humorist (died 1995)
• 1925 , Honor Blackman, English actress and republican (died 2020)
• 1926 , Marc Bohan, French fashion designer (died 2023)
• 1926 , Bob Flanigan, American pop singer (died 2011)
• 1928 , Tinga Seisay, Sierra Leonean academic and diplomat (died 2015)
• 1928 , Karlheinz Stockhausen, German composer and academic (died 2007)
• 1929 , Valery Alekseyev, Russian anthropologist and author (died 1991)
• 1929 , Roy Clay, American computer scientist (died 2024)
• 1929 , Ulrich Wegener, German police officer and general (died 2017)
• 1930 , Gylmar dos Santos Neves, Brazilian footballer (died 2013)
• 1932 , Gerald P. Carr, American engineer, colonel, and astronaut (died 2020)
• 1933 , Sylva Koscina, Italian actress (died 1994)
• 1934 , Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr., American general and engineer (died 2012)
• 1935 , Annie Proulx, American novelist, short story writer, and journalist
• 1936 , Chuck Brown, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (died 2012)
• 1936 , John Callaway, American journalist and producer (died 2009)
• 1936 , Dale Hawkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2010)
• 1936 , Werner Stengel, German roller coaster designer and engineer, designed the Maverick roller coaster
• 1938 , Jean Berkey, American businesswoman and politician (died 2013)
• 1939 , Valerie Harper, American actress (died 2019)
• 1939 , Carl Yastrzemski, American baseball player
• 1940 , Bill McCartney, American football player and coach (died 2025)
• 1941 , Thomas Lovejoy, American conservation biologist who coined the term "biodiversity"
• 1941 , Bill Parcells, American football player and coach
• 1943 , Alun Michael, Welsh police commissioner and politician, inaugural First Minister of Wales
• 1943 , Masatoshi Shima, Japanese computer scientist and engineer, co-designed the Intel 4004
• 1944 , Roger Cashmore, English physicist and academic
• 1945 , David Chase, American screenwriter and producer
• 1945 , Ron Dante, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1947 , Donna Godchaux, American singer (Grateful Dead and Elvis Presley)
• 1947 , Cindy Williams, American actress and producer (died 2023)
• 1948 , David Marks, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1948 , Carolyn L. Mazloomi, American art historian and quilter
• 1949 , Joop Donkervoort, Dutch businessman
• 1949 , Diana Nyad, American swimmer and author
• 1950 , Ray Burris, American baseball player and coach
• 1950 , Scooter Libby, American lawyer and politician, Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States
• 1952 , Peter Laughner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1977)
• 1953 , Paul Ellering, American weightlifter, wrestler, and manager
• 1955 , Chiranjeevi, Indian film actor, producer and politician
• 1956 , Paul Molitor, American baseball player and coach
• 1956 , Peter Taylor, Australian cricketer
• 1957 , Steve Davis, English snooker player, sportscaster, and author
• 1957 , Holly Dunn, American country music singer-songwriter (died 2016)
• 1958 , Colm Feore, American-Canadian actor
• 1958 , Stevie Ray, American wrestler
• 1958 , Vernon Reid, English-born American guitarist and songwriter
• 1959 , Juan Croucier, Cuban-American singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
• 1959 , Pia Gjellerup, Danish lawyer and politician, Danish Minister of Finance
• 1959 , Mark Williams, English actor
• 1960 , Holger Gehrke, German footballer and manager
• 1960 , Collin Raye, American country music singer
• 1960 , Regina Taylor, American actress and playwright
• 1961 , Andrés Calamaro, Argentine singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1961 , Roland Orzabal, English singer and musician
• 1962 , Stefano Tilli, Italian sprinter
• 1963 , Tori Amos, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
• 1963 , James DeBarge, American R&B/soul singer
• 1964 , Mats Wilander, Swedish-American tennis player and coach
• 1965 , Wendy Botha, South African-Australian surfer
• 1965 , David Reimer, Canadian man, born male but reassigned female and raised as a girl after a botched circumcision (died 2004)
• 1966 , GZA, American rapper and producer
• 1966 , Rob Witschge, Dutch footballer and manager
• 1967 , Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, English actor
• 1967 , Ty Burrell, American actor and comedian
• 1967 , Paul Colman, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1967 , Layne Staley, American singer-songwriter (died 2002)
• 1968 , Casper Christensen, Danish comedian, actor, and screenwriter
• 1968 , Aleksandr Mostovoi, Russian footballer
• 1968 , Elisabeth Murdoch, Australian businesswoman
• 1968 , Horst Skoff, Austrian tennis player (died 2008)
• 1970 , Charlie Connelly, English author and broadcaster
• 1970 , Giada De Laurentiis, Italian-American chef and author
• 1970 , Tímea Nagy, Hungarian fencer
• 1971 , Richard Armitage, English actor
• 1971 , Craig Finn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1971 , Rick Yune, American actor
• 1972 , Okkert Brits, South African pole vaulter
• 1972 , Paul Doucette, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and drummer
• 1972 , Max Wilson, German-Brazilian race car driver
• 1973 , Roslina Bakar, Malaysian sport shooter
• 1973 , Howie Dorough, American singer-songwriter and dancer
• 1973 , Kristen Wiig, American actress, comedian, and screenwriter
• 1973 , Eurelijus Žukauskas, Lithuanian basketball player
• 1974 , Cory Gardner, American politician
• 1974 , Jenna Leigh Green, American actress and singer
• 1974 , Agustín Pichot, Argentinian rugby player
• 1975 , Clint Bolton, Australian footballer
• 1975 , Rodrigo Santoro, Brazilian actor
• 1976 , Marius Bezykornovas, Lithuanian footballer
• 1976 , Bryn Davies, American bassist, cellist, and pianist
• 1976 , Laurent Hernu, French decathlete
• 1976 , Jeff Weaver, American baseball player
• 1976 , Randy Wolf, American baseball player
• 1977 , Heiðar Helguson, Icelandic footballer
• 1977 , Keren Cytter, Israeli visual artist and writer
• 1978 , James Corden, English actor, comedian, writer, and television presenter
• 1978 , Ioannis Gagaloudis, Greek basketball player
• 1979 , Brandon Adams, American actor
• 1979 , Steve Kornacki, American political journalist, writer and TV presenter (NBC)
• 1979 , Matt Walters, American football player
• 1980 , Roland Benschneider, German footballer
• 1980 , Nicolas Macrozonaris, Canadian sprinter
• 1980 , Seiko Yamamoto, Japanese wrestler
• 1981 , Alex Holmes, American football player
• 1981 , Jang Hyun-kyu, South Korean footballer (died 2012)
• 1981 , Christina Obergföll, German javelin athlete
• 1982 , Sean Rash, American bowler
• 1983 , Theo Bos, Dutch cyclist
• 1983 , Jahri Evans, American football player
• 1984 , Lee Camp, English footballer
• 1984 , Lawrence Quaye, Ghanaian-Qatari footballer
• 1985 , Luke Russert, American journalist
• 1985 , Jey Uso, Samoan-American wrestler
• 1985 , Jimmy Uso, Samoan-American wrestler
• 1985 , Salih Yoluç, Turkish race car driver
• 1986 , Stephen Ireland, Irish footballer
• 1986 , Tokushōryū Makoto, Japanese sumo wrestler
• 1987 , Apollo Crews, American wrestler
• 1989 , Giacomo Bonaventura, Italian footballer
• 1989 , Aleksandra Gajewska, Polish politician and businessperson
• 1990 , Randall Cobb, American football player
• 1990 , Drew Hutchison, American baseball player
• 1990 , Robbie Rochow, Australian rugby league player
• 1990 , Adam Thielen, American football player
• 1991 , Federico Macheda, Italian footballer
• 1991 , Brayden Schenn, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1992 , Ema Burgić Bucko, Bosnian tennis player
• 1993, Laura Dahlmeier, German biathlete (died 2025)
• 1993 , Dillon Danis, American mixed martial artist
• 1994 , Israel Broussard, American actor
• 1994 , Olli Määttä, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1995 , Dua Lipa, English singer-songwriter
• 1996 , Jessica-Jane Applegate, British Paralympic swimmer
• 1996 , Jeon So-min, South Korean singer-songwriter
• 1997 , Maxx Crosby, American football player
• 1997 , Fanum, American streamer
• 1997 , Lautaro Martínez, Argentine footballer
• 2001 , LaMelo Ball, American basketball player
• 2003 , Cooper Connolly, Australian cricketer
• 2005 , Stiliana Nikolova, Bulgarian rhythmic gymnast

Pre-1600

• 408 , Stilicho, Roman general (born 359)
• 1155 , Emperor Konoe of Japan (born 1139)
• 1241 , Pope Gregory IX, (born 1143)
• 1280 , Pope Nicholas III (born 1225)
• 1304 , John II, Count of Holland (born 1247)
• 1338 , William II, Duke of Athens (born 1312)
• 1350 , Philip VI of France (born 1293)
• 1358 , Isabella of France, Queen Consort of England (born 1295)
• 1425 , Eleanor, Princess of Asturias (born 1423)
• 1456 , Vladislav II of Wallachia
• 1485 , Richard III of England (born 1452)
• 1485 , James Harrington, Yorkist knight
• 1485 , John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk (born 1430)
• 1485 , Richard Ratcliffe, supporter of Richard III
• 1485 , William Brandon, supporter of Henry VII (born 1426)
• 1532 , William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1450)
• 1545 , Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English politician and husband of Mary Tudor (born c. 1484)
• 1553 , John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English admiral and politician, Lord President of the Council (born 1504)
• 1572 , Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland, English leader of the Rising of the North (born 1528)
• 1584 , Jan Kochanowski, Polish poet and playwright (born 1530)
• 1599 , Luca Marenzio, Italian singer-songwriter (born 1553)

1601-1900

• 1607 , Bartholomew Gosnold, English lawyer and explorer, founded the London Company (born 1572)
• 1652 , Jacob De la Gardie, Estonian-Swedish soldier and politician, Lord High Constable of Sweden (born 1583)
• 1664 , Maria Cunitz, Polish astronomer and author (born 1610)
• 1680 , John George II, Elector of Saxony (born 1613)
• 1681 , Philippe Delano, Dutch Plymouth Colony settler (born 1602)
• 1701 , John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1628)
• 1711 , Louis François, duc de Boufflers, French general (born 1644)
• 1752 , William Whiston, English mathematician, historian, and theologian (born 1667)
• 1773 , George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton, English poet and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (born 1709)
• 1793 , Louis de Noailles, French general (born 1713)
• 1797 , Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser, French-Austrian field marshal (born 1724)
• 1806 , Jean-Honoré Fragonard, French painter and illustrator (born 1732)
• 1818 , Warren Hastings, English lawyer and politician, 1st Governor-General of Bengal (born 1732)
• 1828 , Franz Joseph Gall, Austrian neuroanatomist and physiologist (born 1758)
• 1850 , Nikolaus Lenau, Romanian-Austrian poet and author (born 1802)
• 1861 , Xianfeng, Emperor of China (born 1831)
• 1888 , Ágoston Trefort, Hungarian jurist and politician, Hungarian Minister of Education (born 1817)
• 1891 , Jan Neruda, Czech journalist, author, and poet (born 1834)

1901-present

• 1903 , Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1830)
• 1904 , Kate Chopin, American novelist and poet (born 1850)
• 1909 , Henry Radcliffe Crocker, English dermatologist and author (born 1846)
• 1914 , Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi, Italian bishop and academic (born 1859)
• 1918 , Korbinian Brodmann, German neurologist and academic (born 1868)
• 1920 , Anders Zorn, Swedish artist (born 1860)
• 1922 , Michael Collins, Irish rebel, counter-intelligence and military tactician, and politician; 2nd Irish Minister of Finance (born 1890)
• 1926 , Charles William Eliot, American academic (born 1834)
• 1933 , Alexandros Kontoulis, Greek general and diplomat (born 1858)
• 1937 , Pedro Durruti, Spanish anarchist and Falangist revolutionary (born 1911)
• 1940 , Oliver Lodge, English physicist and academic (born 1851)
• 1940 , Gerald Strickland, 1st Baron Strickland, Maltese lawyer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Malta (born 1861)
• 1942 , Michel Fokine, Russian dancer and choreographer (born 1880)
• 1946 , Döme Sztójay, Hungarian general and politician, 35th Prime Minister of Hungary (born 1883)
• 1950 , Kirk Bryan, American geologist and academic (born 1888)
• 1951 , Jack Bickell, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (born 1884)
• 1953 , Jim Tabor, American baseball player (born 1916)
• 1958 , Roger Martin du Gard, French novelist and paleographer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1881)
• 1960 , Johannes Sikkar, Estonian soldier and politician, Prime Minister of Estonia in exile (born 1897)
• 1963 , William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield, English businessman and philanthropist, founded Morris Motors (born 1877)
• 1966 , Erwin Komenda, Austrian car designer and engineer (born 1904)
• 1967 , Gregory Goodwin Pincus, American biologist and academic, co-created the birth-control pill (born 1903)
• 1970 , Vladimir Propp, Russian philologist and scholar (born 1895)
• 1971 , Birger Nerman, Swedish archaeologist (born 1888)
• 1974 , Jacob Bronowski, Polish-English mathematician, biologist, and author (born 1908)
• 1976 , Gina Bachauer, Greek pianist and composer (born 1913)
• 1976 , Juscelino Kubitschek, Brazilian physician and politician, 21st President of Brazil (born 1902)
• 1977 , Sebastian Cabot, English actor (born 1918)
• 1977 , Chunseong, Korean monk, philosopher and writer (born 1891)
• 1977 , Rex Connor, Australian politician (born 1907)
• 1978 , Jomo Kenyatta, Kenyan politician, 1st President of Kenya (born 1894)
• 1979 , James T. Farrell, American novelist, short-story writer, and poet (born 1904)
• 1980 , James Smith McDonnell, American pilot, engineer, and businessman, founded McDonnell Aircraft (born 1899)
• 1981 , Vicente Manansala, Filipino painter (born 1910)
• 1985 , Charles Gibson, historian of Mexico and its Indians, president of the American Historical Association (born 1920)
• 1986 , Celâl Bayar, Turkish lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Turkey (born 1883)
• 1987 , Joseph P. Lash, American author and journalist (born 1909)
• 1989 , Robert Grondelaers, Belgian cyclist (born 1933)
• 1989 , Huey P. Newton, American activist, co-founded the Black Panther Party (born 1942)
• 1991 , Colleen Dewhurst, Canadian-American actress (born 1924)
• 1991 , Boris Pugo, Russian soldier and politician, Soviet Minister of Interior (born 1937)
• 1994 , Gilles Groulx, Canadian director and screenwriter (born 1931)
• 1994 , Allan Houser, American sculptor and painter (born 1914)
• 1995 , Johnny Carey, Irish footballer and manager (born 1919)
• 2000 , Abulfaz Elchibey, 2nd President of Azerbaijan (born 1938)
• 2003 , Arnold Gerschwiler, Swiss figure skater and coach (born 1914)
• 2004 , Konstantin Aseev, Russian chess player and trainer (born 1960)
• 2004 , Angus Bethune, Australian soldier and politician, 33rd Premier of Tasmania (born 1908)
• 2004 , Daniel Petrie, Canadian director and producer (born 1920)
• 2005 , Luc Ferrari, French-Italian director and composer (born 1929)
• 2005 , Ernest Kirkendall, American chemist and metallurgist (born 1914)
• 2007 , Grace Paley, American short story writer and poet (born 1922)
• 2008 , Gladys Powers, English-Canadian soldier (born 1899)
• 2009 , Muriel Duckworth, Canadian pacifist, feminist, and activist (born 1908)
• 2009 , Elmer Kelton, American journalist and author (born 1926)
• 2010 , Stjepan Bobek, Croatian footballer and manager (born 1923)
• 2011 , Nick Ashford, American singer-songwriter and producer (born 1942)
• 2011 , Jack Layton, Canadian academic and politician (born 1950)
• 2011 , Casey Ribicoff, American philanthropist (born 1922)
• 2011 , Yao Yuanjun, Chinese border police officer (born 1993)
• 2012 , Nina Bawden, English author (born 1925)
• 2012 , Paul Shan Kuo-hsi, Taiwanese cardinal (born 1923)
• 2012 , Jeffrey Stone, American actor and screenwriter (born 1926)
• 2013 , Paul Poberezny, American pilot and businessman, founded the Experimental Aircraft Association (born 1921)
• 2014 , U. R. Ananthamurthy, Indian author, poet, and playwright (born 1932)
• 2014 , Emmanuel Kriaras, Greek lexicographer and philologist (born 1906)
• 2014 , Pete Ladygo, American football player and coach (born 1928)
• 2014 , Noella Leduc, American baseball player (born 1933)
• 2014 , John Sperling, American businessman, founded the University of Phoenix (born 1921)
• 2014 , John S. Waugh, American chemist and academic (born 1929)
• 2015 , Arthur Morris, Australian cricketer and journalist (born 1922)
• 2015 , Ieng Thirith, Cambodian academic and politician (born 1932)
• 2015 , Eric Thompson, English race car driver and book dealer (born 1919)
• 2016 , S. R. Nathan, 6th President of Singapore (born 1924)
• 2016 , Toots Thielemans, Belgian and American jazz musician (born 1922)
• 2017 , Michael J. C. Gordon, British Computer scientist (born 1948)
• 2018 , Ed King, American musician (born 1949)
• 2018 , Krishna Reddy, Indian printmaker, sculptor and teacher (born 1925)
• 2021 , Rod Gilbert, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1941)
• 2023 , Toto Cutugno, Italian singer-songwriter (born 1943)
• 2023, Alexandra Paul, Canadian ice dancer (born 1991)
• 2024 , Arthur J. Gregg, American military officer (born 1928)

• Christian feast day:
  • Immaculate Heart of Mary (Roman Catholic calendar of 1960)
  • John Kemble
  • Queenship of Mary
  • Blessed Symeon Lukach
  • August 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• International Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief
• Earliest day on which National Heroes' Day (Philippines) can fall, while August 28 is the latest; celebrated on the fourth Monday in August.
• Flag Day (Russia)
• Madras Day (Chennai and Tamil Nadu, India)