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Baṛī ye

Letter of the Arabic script

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Baṛī ye (Urdu: بَڑی يے, Urdu pronunciation: [ˈbəɽiː ˈjeː]; lit.'greater ye'), also spelled bari ye, baree ye barree ye, or badi ye, is a letter of the Arabic script, originally used in the Urdu alphabet, directly based on the alternative "returned" variant of the final form of the Arabic letter ye/yāʾ (known as yāʾ mardūda) found in the Hijazi, Kufic, Thuluth, Naskh, and Nastaliq scripts. It functions as the word-final yā-'e-majhūl ([]) and yā-'e-sākin ([ɛː]). It is distinguished from the "choṭī ye (چھوٹی يے; "lesser ye")", which is the regular Perso-Arabic yāʾ (ی) used elsewhere. In Punjabi, where it is a part of the Shahmukhi alphabet, it is called waḍḍī ye (Punjabi: وَڈّی یے), also meaning "greater ye". In the context of Urdu and Shahmukhi, it is written as ए/े (for yā-'e-majhūl) and ऐ/ै (for yā-'e-sākin) in Devanagari and ਏ/ੇ (for yā-'e-majhūl) and ਐ/ੈ (for yā-'e-sākin) in Gurmukhi.

01History

The baṛī ye is based on the stretched, horizontal, "returned" form of the Arabic yā’, originating in the Kufic and Hijazi script and also used occasionally in Thuluth, Naskh, and Nastaliq calligraphy. The form began to be used in this manner for Classical Persian in India, for example کسی kasē ("someone") was often written as کسے.

02Forms

Baṛī ye is written multiple ways depending on its position:

Position in word: Isolated Final Medial Initial
Naskh glyph form:
(Help)
ے ـے ـے ے
Nastaliq glyph form: ے ــــے ــــے ے

There are also medial (ـیـ) and initial (یـ) forms, but they are not encoded on Unicode and are generally represented by the regular ye.

In the Balochi Standard Alphabet, baṛī ye (or cappi yà as it is known in Balochi) has the forms ࢩـ ـࢩـ ـے ے.

03Diacritical variants

In Urdu, only the hamza can be applied to baṛī ye. This is used when the word ending with the letter bears an izāfat.

Position in word: Isolated Final Medial Initial
Naskh glyph form:
(Help)
ۓ ـۓ ـۓ ۓ
Nastaliq glyph form: ۓ ــــۓ ــــۓ ۓ

In Kashmiri, there is a letter that is visually a baṛī ye with a small v sign above, known as the nīmü yāyūk:

Position in word: Isolated Final Medial Initial
Naskh glyph form:
(Help)
ےٚ ـےٚ ـےٚـ ےٚـ
Nastaliq glyph form: ےٚ ــــےٚ ــــےٚــــ ےٚــــ

Burushaski

In Burushaski, there are 3 baṛī ye's: ے, ݺ, and ݻ.

One of the additional letters is a baṛī ye with the Arabic-Indic digit 2 (۲).

Position in word: Isolated Final Medial Initial
Naskh glyph form:
(Help)
ݺ ـݺ ـݺـ ݺـ
Nastaliq glyph form: ݺ ــــݺ ــــݺــــ ݺــــ

It is used to represent the short vowel /e/.

Another letter has a 3 (۳) above it. Unlike ݺ, which represents a shorter sound than the regular baṛī ye, it represents the same long vowel (//) but with primary stress (e.g. /ˈeː/).

Position in word: Isolated Final Medial Initial
Naskh glyph form:
(Help)
ݻ ـݻ ـݻـ ݻـ
Nastaliq glyph form: ݻ ــــݻ ــــݻــــ ݻــــ

04Character encoding

Character information
Previewؖےۓݺݻ
Unicode name ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE ALEF WITH YEH BARREE ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH HAMZA ABOVE ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode1558U+06161746U+06D21747U+06D31914U+077A1915U+077B
UTF-8216 150D8 96219 146DB 92219 147DB 93221 186DD BA221 187DD BB
Numeric character referenceؖؖےےۓۓݺݺݻݻ
Watch videos about Baṛī yeExplainers and documentaries on YouTube (opens in a new tab)

Sources and credits

This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article Baṛī ye, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.

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