Xwd
Command-line program and file format
In the X Window System, the program xwd (X Window dump) captures the content of a screen or of a window and optionally saves it into a file.
xwd runs in one of two ways: if a user specifies the whole screen or the name or identifier of a window as an argument, the program captures the content of the window; otherwise, it changes the shape of the cursor and waits for the user to click in a window, whose content is then captured.
01Operation
At the X Window core protocol level, xwd uses the fact that any X client can request the content of an arbitrary window, including ones it did not create, using the GetImage request (this is done by the XGetImage function in the Xlib library). The content of the whole screen is obtained by requesting the content of the root window.
The file generated by xwd can then be read by various other X utilities such as xwud, sxwd, xv, and the GIMP, or converted to other formats; the ImageMagick suite allows the construction of a useful pipeline:
$ xwd | convert xwd:- screenshot.pngThe dumps are larger in size than files in most image file formats, not only compressed formats such as PNG, but also uncompressed bitmap formats like BMP.
02Image format
Various image viewers and tools support the X11 .xwd format, among others the GIMP, ImageMagick, Netpbm, and XnView. In version 2.1.4 FFmpeg supported pixel formats bgra, rgba, argb, abgr, rgb24, bgr24, rgb565be, rgb565le, bgr565be, bgr565le, rgb555be, rgb555le, bgr555be, bgr555le, rgb8, bgr8, rgb4_byte, bgr4_byte, pal8, gray, and monow. In these abbreviations 555 means 32768=32×32×32 colors, 565 means 65536 colors (6 bits for green), rgba is red-green-blue-alpha, 4 or 8 stands for 16 or 256 colors, le or be is the endianness, pal is an input palette, etc. as listed by ffmpeg , pix_fmts.
Details of the .xwd format in XWDFile.h depend on the platform, therefore it is unsuited for cross-platform applications and has no MIME image type.
Sources and credits
This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article “Xwd”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.
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