Withanolide
Group of steroid compounds
Withanolides are a group of at least 300 naturally occurring steroids built on an ergostane skeleton. They occur as secondary metabolites primarily in genera of the Nightshade family, for example in the tomatillo.
Structurally, withanolides consist of a steroid backbone bound to a lactone or one of its derivatives; they are produced via oxidation of steroids. It remains unknown to what end withanolides are produced; they may act as a deterrent for feeding insect larvae and other herbivores.
Genera within the nightshade family that produce withanolides include: Datura, Iochroma, Lycium, Nicandra, Physalis, Salpichroa, Solanum, Mandragora, Withania, and Jaborosa. No withanolide has been discovered in Nicotiana to date.
01Examples
Withaferin A, the first withanolide to be isolated, was found in winter cherry (Withania somnifera) and Acnistus arborescens.
Salpichrolides A, B and G (isolated from Salpichroa origanifolia) exhibit an inhibitory effect on the growth of larva of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). For this reason, potential pesticide uses for the compounds are being explored.
Sources and credits
This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article “Withanolide”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.
Images, from Wikimedia Commons:
- Withaferin A.svg by Unknown author, Public domain
- Salpichrolide A.svg by Unknown author, Public domain
- Nicandrenone-1.svg by Unknown author, Public domain
- Ixocarpalactone A.svg by Unknown author, Public domain
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