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Test vector

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Source updated February 3, 2025

In computer science and engineering, a test vector is a set of inputs provided to a system in order to test that system. In software development, test vectors are a methodology of software testing and software verification and validation.

01Rationale

In computer science and engineering, a system acts as a computable function. An example of a specific function could be $y=f(x)$ where $y$ is the output of the system and $x$ is the input; however, most systems' inputs are not one-dimensional. When the inputs are multi-dimensional, we could say that the system takes the form $y=f(x_{1},x_{2},...)$ ; however, we can generalize this equation to a general form $Y=C(X)$ where $Y$ is the result of the system's execution, $C$ belongs to the set of computable functions, and $X$ is an input vector. While testing the system, various test vectors must be used to examine the system's behavior with differing inputs.

02Example

For example, consider a login page with two input fields: a username field and a password field. In that case, the login system can be described as:

$y=L(u,p)$

with $y\in \{true,false\}$ and $u,p\in \{String\}$ , with $true$ designating login successful, and $false$ designating login failure, respectively.

Making things more generic, we can suggest that the function $L$ takes input as a 2-dimensional vector and outputs a one-dimensional vector (scalar). This can be written in the following way:-

$Y=L(X)$

with $X=[x_{1},x_{2}]=[u,p]\;;\;Y=[y_{1}]$

In this case, $X$ is called the input vector, and $Y$ is called the output vector.

In order to test the login page, it is necessary to pass some sample input vectors $\{X_{1},X_{2},X_{3},...\}$ . In this context $X_{i}$ is called a test vector.

Alternatively, the concatenation of $X$ and $Y$ , e.g., $[x_{1},x_{2},y_{1}]$ , can be called a test vector.

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Sources and credits

This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article “Test vector”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.

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Test vector

01Rationale

02Example

Sources and credits

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