Stabschef
Chief of staff of Nazi Party paramilitary wing
Stabschef ([ʃtaːps.ʃɛf], lit. 'Chief of staff') was an office and paramilitary rank in the Sturmabteilung (SA), the paramilitary stormtroopers associated with the Nazi Party. It was a rank and position held by the operating chief of the SA. The rank was equivalent to the rank of Generaloberst in the German Army and to General in the U.S. Army.
01Definition
The position of SA-Stabschef, not yet a rank, was established in 1929 to assist the Oberste SA-Führer (Supreme SA Leader) with the administration of the fast-growing organisation. Otto Wagener held the office under Oberste SA-Führer Franz Pfeffer von Salomon from 1928 to 1930, and effectively headed the SA from Hitler's assumption of the title Oberste SA-Führer in August until Ernst Röhm replaced him in January 1931.
The actual SA rank of Stabschef was created by Röhm for himself in 1933 after Hitler became chancellor. Although Hitler became the supreme commander of the SA in 1930, the day-to-day running of the organisation was left to the chief of staff. Thus, the men who held the rank of Stabschef after 1930 were the actual leaders of the SA.
02Office holders
The office of Stabschef was held by four different people between 1929 and 1945 and was, in all but the first case of succession, inherited due to the death of a predecessor. The following SA officers held the office of Stabschef:
| No. | Portrait | Stabschef | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wagener, OttoOtto Wagener (1888-1971) | 1 October 1929 | 31 December 1930 | 1 year, 91 days | NSDAP | ||
| 2 | Röhm, ErnstErnst Röhm (1887-1934) | 5 January 1931 | 1 July 1934 | 3 years, 177 days | NSDAP | ||
| 3 | Lutze, ViktorViktor Lutze (1890-1943) | 1 July 1934 | 2 May 1943 ‽ | 8 years, 305 days | NSDAP | ||
| , | Jüttner, MaxMax Jüttner (1888-1963) Acting | 2 May 1943 | 18 August 1943 | 108 days | NSDAP | ||
| 4 | Schepmann, WilhelmWilhelm Schepmann (1894-1970) | 18 August 1943 | 5 May 1945 | 1 year, 8 months | NSDAP |
Timeline
This is a graphical timeline of the Stabschef. They are listed in order of first assuming office.
The following chart lists the Stabschef by lifespan, with the years outside of their tenure in grey.
03Insignia
Early insignia for Stabschef consisted of an oak leaf patch worn on the collar of the stormtrooper uniform. Photographic evidence shows Ernst Röhm wearing such an insignia in his early days as the SA Chief of Staff. As Röhm's authority increased, so did his insignia and by mid 1931 photographic evidence shows him wearing wreathed star that was designed after that of a Bolivian general's collar, due to Röhm's previous military experience as a military adviser in Bolivia.
After 1933, the insignia for Stabschef consisted of a "crossed lances" pattern, wreathed by a half oak leaf circle. After 1934, the insignia was changed to a wreathed tri-foil oak leaf pattern similar to the SS rank insignia of Reichsführer-SS. With the fall of Nazi Germany, the Sturmabteilung ceased to exist and with it the Stabschef.
| Junior rank SA-Obergruppenführer |
SA rank Chef des Stabes der SA |
Senior rank Oberster SA-Führer |
Sources and credits
This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article “Stabschef”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.
Images, from Wikimedia Commons:
- Stabschef SA Version 2.svg by Fornax, Public domain
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