Simolestes
Extinct genus of reptiles
Simolestes (meaning "snub-nosed thief") is an extinct pliosaurid genus that lived in the Middle to Late Jurassic. The type specimen, NHMUK PV R 3319 is an almost complete but crushed skeleton diagnostic to Simolestes vorax, dating back to the Callovian of the Oxford Clay formation, England. The genus might also be known from the Tithonian Bhuj Formation of India (S. indicus), but the referral of this species to Simolestes is dubious. S. keileni from France was moved to the new genus Lorrainosaurus in 2023.
01Description
Simolestes possessed a short, high, and wide skull which was built to resist torsional forces when hunting.
The largest specimens of S. vorax reached approximately 4.6 metres (15 ft) in length, if a head to body ratio similar to Liopleurodon is applied.
02Palaeobiology
Like most pliosaurs, Simolestes possessed salt secreting glands, which would have enabled the animal to maintain salt balance and drink seawater. Recent studies on plesiosaur locomotion indicate that Simolestes, like other plesiosaurs, possessed a unique bauplan for movement, which differs from modern organisms in similar niches.
Feeding habits
Simolestes's exact feeding habits are unclear. The current consensus, however, is that the genus was primarily teuthophagous, consuming belemnites, soft teuthoids and ammonites. It is possible Simolestes was also ecologically separated from other contemporary pliosaur genera such as Liopleurodon and Pachycostasaurus by hunting in deeper waters or at night, as modern cephalopods exhibit diurnal feeding cycles, spending daylight in deeper, safer waters, and rising at night to feed.
03Classification
The cladogram below follows a 2011 analysis by paleontologists Hilary F. Ketchum and Roger B. J. Benson, and reduced to genera only.
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Sources and credits
This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article “Simolestes”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.
Images, from Wikimedia Commons:
- Plesiosaurus indicus mandible.jpg by Richard Lydekker, Public domain
- Simolestes size chart.png by Eotyrannu5, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Simolestes skull side1.jpg by DamnationDaniel, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Simolestes1DB.jpg by Dmitry Bogdanov, CC BY-SA 3.0
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