Salt flat
Flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals
Natural salt flats or salt pans are flat, open expanses of ground covered with salt and other minerals, usually shining white under the sun. They are found in deserts and are natural formations (unlike salt evaporation ponds, which are artificial).
A salt flat forms by evaporation of a water pool, such as a lake or pond. This happens in climates where the rate of water evaporation exceeds the rate of precipitation , that is, in a desert. If the water cannot drain into the ground, it remains on the surface until it evaporates, leaving behind minerals precipitated from the salt ions dissolved in the water. Over thousands of years, the minerals (usually salts) accumulate on the surface. These minerals reflect the sun's rays and often appear as white areas.
Salt flats can be dangerous. The crust of salt can conceal a quagmire of mud that can engulf a truck. The Qattara Depression in the eastern Sahara Desert contains many such traps which served as strategic barriers during World War II.
01Examples
The Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, where many land speed records have been set, are a well-known salt pan in the arid regions of the western United States.
The Etosha pan, in the Etosha National Park in Namibia, is another prominent example of a salt pan.
The Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia is the largest salt pan in the world. As of 2024, with an estimated 23 million tons, Bolivia holds about 22% of the world's known lithium resources (105 million tons); most of those are in the Salar de Uyuni. The large area, clear skies, and exceptional flatness of the surface make the Salar an ideal object for calibrating the altimeters of Earth observation satellites.
Parts of Rann of Kutch (India) are salt marsh in the wet season and salt pan in the dry season.
Salt flats can also be found in Kenya. A place called Chalbi Desert in North Horr Sub County, Marsabit County in Kenya. In the language of the Gabra people, "Chalbi" means "bare, salty area".
Sources and credits
This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article “Salt flat”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.
Images, from Wikimedia Commons:
- 20170809 Bolivia 1521 Uyuni sRGB (37926739616).jpg by Dan Lundberg, CC BY-SA 2.0
- Saltph26.jpg by Unknown author, Public domain
- Cono de Arita en el Salar de Arizaro.jpg by Ben Stubbs, CC BY 2.0
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