Neoptera
Infraclass of insects
Neoptera (Ancient Greek néos ("new") + pterón ("wing")) is a classification group that includes most orders of the winged insects, specifically those that can flex their wings over their abdomens. This is in contrast with the more basal orders of winged insects (the "Palaeoptera" assemblage), which are unable to flex their wings in this way.
01Classification
The taxon Neoptera was proposed by А.М. Martynov in 1923 and 1924, in the following classification:
- division Palaeoptera
- order Odonata
- order Agnatha (correct name: Ephemeroptera)
- †order Dictyoneuridea
- †order Megasecoptera
- †order Meganisoptera
- †order Protephemeroidea
- division Neoptera
- superorder Endopterygota
- order Coleoptera
- order Strepsiptera
- order Neuroptera
- order Raphidioptera
- order Megaloptera
- order Diptera
- order Mecoptera
- order Trichoptera
- order Lepidoptera
- order Hymenoptera
- subdivision Polyneoptera
- superorder Orthopteroidea (Anartioptera)
- order Orthoptera
- order Plecoptera
- order Dermaptera
- order Embioptera
- order Phasmatodea
- superorder Blattopteroidea (senior name: Pandictyoptera)
- superorder Orthopteroidea (Anartioptera)
- subdivision Paraneoptera
- order Hemiptera
- suborder Auchenorrhyncha
- suborder Coleorrhyncha
- suborder Heteroptera
- suborder Sternorrhyncha
- order Hemiptera
- subdivision Oligoneoptera
- superorder Endopterygota
The order Thysanoptera originally had an uncertain systematic position, and later was attributed to Paraneoptera. Other classifications were proposed, subordinating Neoptera either directly to Pterygota (as in Martynov's classification), or to Metapterygota:
- Pterygota Gegenbaur 1878
- Ephemeroptera Hyatt & Arms 1890
- Metapterygota Börner 1909
- Odonata Fabricius 1793
- Neoptera Martynov 1923
02Phylogeny
The phylogeny of Neoptera is shown in the cladogram, using the molecular phylogeny of Wipfler et al. 2019 for the Polyneoptera, Johnson et al 2018 for the Paraneoptera (where Psocomorpha contains Phthiraptera), and Kjer et al 2016 for the Holometabola.
| Neoptera |
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Sources and credits
This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article “Neoptera”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.
Images, from Wikimedia Commons:
- Agapostemon texanus.jpg by Mike, CC BY-SA 3.0
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