NASA Sounding Rocket Program
Aerospace measurement program of NASA
The NASA Sounding Rocket Program (NSRP) is a NASA run program of sounding rockets which has been operating since 1959. The missions carried out by this program are primarily used for scientific research, particularly low gravity and material based research. NASA's sounding rocket program is commonly used by colleges and universities for upper atmosphere research.
01Program
In 1965, NASA's cost of a sounding rocket system was $5,000 to $150,000, using combinations of stage motors from the Aerobee, Hercules M5E1 (developed for the Nike Ajax), and Thiokol Apache.
The program was consolidated at the Wallops Flight Facility in the 1980s and uses extra military solid rocket motors. Rockets are frequently launched from fixed facilities at Wallops, the Navy's White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, the Poker Flat Research Range in Alaska, Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, Pacific Missile Range Facility in Barking Sands, Hawaii, and Andøya Rocket Range, Norway. The rockets are categorized as "Significant Military Equipment" for ITAR.
02Propulsion
Rockets in use include single-stage or combinations of:
- Black Brant family, 17.26" diameter
- Improved Orion surplus motor, 14" diameter
- Terrier/Hercules MK12 or MK70 surplus motors, 18" diameter
- Oriole motor
- Magellan Aerospace Nihka exo-atomospheric motor, 17.26" diameter, 192,878 pound-seconds impulse
- Thiokol Improved Malemute TU-758 surplus motor, 16" diameter
- Hercules Talos surplus motor, 30.1" diameter
Some combinations of stages allow payloads of up to 1550 pounds.
03Launches
| Mission Name | Date | Launch Vehicle | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| MUMP 9 | 15 January 1971, 1955 EST | Nike-Tomahawk | Success- University of Michigan's Space Physics Research Laboratory; night-launched 163lb thermosphere probe/cryogenic densitometer/molecular fluorescence densitometer/omegatron payload reached 297.1 km |
| MUMP 10 | 15 January 1971, 1530 EST | Nike-Tomahawk | Success- University of Michigan's Space Physics Research Laboratory; day-launched 169lb payload added two Langmuir probes, reached 289.6 km |
| PolarNOx | 27 January 2017 | Black Brant IX | Success |
| DEUCE | 30 October 2017 | Black Brant IX | Failure - No data recovered but payload was recovered |
| USIP | 25 March 2018 | Terrier Malemute | Success |
| ASPIRE | 30 March -
7 September 2018 |
Black Brant IX | Success |
PolarNOx
The PolarNOx mission was a set of experimental launches used to measure the nitric oxide present in the upper atmosphere that is produced by auroras.
DEUCE
The DEUCE (Dual-channel Extreme Ultraviolet Continuum Experiment) mission was planned to obtain scientific data about the IGM. This failed however due to problems with the attitude control system.
On 11 July 2022 a Black Brant IX rocket from Arnhem Space Centre launched the fourth DEUCE ultraviolet astronomy mission following flights in 2017, 2018, and 2020 for NASA (CU Boulder). The suborbital flight had apogee of 162 mi (261 km) and was successful.
ASPIRE
The ASPIRE mission (Advanced Supersonic Parachute Inflation Research Experiment) was an experiment which tested a Mars mission parachute design. The mission consisted of three tests using the Black Brant IX sounding rocket, with the third and final test taking place on Sept. 7, 2018.
AZURE
The Auroral Zone Upwelling Rocket Experiment in April 2019 caught many Norwegians by surprise by triggering an unusual form of the Aurora Borealis.
Sources and credits
This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article “NASA Sounding Rocket Program”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.
Images, from Wikimedia Commons:
- Daytime Dynamo Rocket Launch (9218456164).jpg by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from Greenbelt, MD, USA, Public domain
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