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Multani script

Abugida

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Multani (Saraiki: π‘Š π‘Š‚π‘Š£π‘Š–π‘Š€π‘Ššπ‘Š, romanized:Β MultānΔ«) is a Brahmic script originating in the Multan region of Punjab and in northern Sindh, Pakistan. It was used to write Punjabi and its dialects. The script was used for routine writing and commercial activities. Multani is one of four Landa scripts whose usage was extended beyond the mercantile domain and formalized for literary activity and printing; the others being Gurmukhi, Khojki, and Khudabadi. Although Multani is now obsolete, it is a historical script in which written and printed records exist. It was also known as Karikki and as Sarai.

01Background and origin

The script is of Brahmic origin. The script originated from the Landa script, a derivative of Sharada script. It shares similarities with other Landa scripts such as Khojki and Khudawadi.

An excerpt of printed Multani, 1880
An excerpt of printed Multani, 1880

02Usage

The script was used for routine writing and commercial activities. In the early 19th century it was adapted for literary usage when the Baptist Missionary Press produced metal fonts for the script in order to print Christian literature. The first book printed in the Multani script was the New Testament (1819). In the latter half of the 19th century, the British administration introduced the Arabic script as the standard for the languages of Sindh, which led to the demise of the Landa script of the region. The Multani script is no longer used and Punjabi is now written using Shahmukhi in Pakistan and Gurmukhi in India.

03Characters

Two different styles are observed over the course of the 19th century, with the later style representing a simplified version of the original style. Some consonants begin to represent their aspirated and implosive forms. The script also functions more as an abjad than as an abugida, as vowels are not marked unless the word is monosyllabic and as there are no dependent vowel signs, only independent ones that can appear at the beginning of a word, as with other Indic scripts. There is no virama, and consonant clusters are written with independent consonants. There is one section mark punctuation that has been identified. The independent vowels, of which there are only four, represent both short and long forms of the independent vowels in addition to phonological variations, and 'i' sometimes represents 'ya'. Ultimately, many consonants represent multiple sounds, and the digits largely represent those found in Gurmukhi, with the exception of 6 and 7, which resemble Devanagari more closely.

Vowels
π‘Š€β€Ž a π‘Šβ€Ž i π‘Š‚β€Ž u π‘Šƒβ€Ž e
Consonants
π‘Š„β€Ž ka π‘Š…β€Ž kha π‘Š†β€Ž ga π‘Šˆβ€Ž gha
π‘ŠŠβ€Ž ca π‘Š‹β€Ž cha π‘ŠŒβ€Ž ja π‘Šβ€Ž jja π‘Šβ€Ž nya
π‘Šβ€Ž tta π‘Š‘β€Ž ttha π‘Š’β€Ž dda π‘Š“β€Ž ddda π‘Š”β€Ž ddha π‘Š•β€Ž nna
π‘Š–β€Ž ta π‘Š—β€Ž tha π‘Š˜β€Ž da π‘Š™β€Ž dha π‘Ššβ€Ž na
π‘Š›β€Ž pa π‘Šœβ€Ž pha π‘Šβ€Ž ba π‘ŠŸβ€Ž bha π‘Š β€Ž ma
π‘Š‘β€Ž ya π‘Š’β€Ž ra π‘Š£β€Ž la π‘Š€β€Ž va π‘Š₯β€Ž sa π‘Š¦β€Ž ha
π‘Š§β€Ž rra π‘Š¨β€Ž rha
Punctuation
π‘Š©β€Žβ€Ž section mark
The word 'Multani' in modern Multani typeface. The word is rendered without any dependent vowels as they are not yet part of the Unicode chart for Multani
The word 'Multani' in modern Multani typeface. The word is rendered without any dependent vowels as they are not yet part of the Unicode chart for Multani

04Unicode

Multani script was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2015 with the release of version 8.0.

The Unicode block for Multani is U+11280, U+112AF:

Multani[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
Β 0123456789ABCDEF
U+1128x π‘Š€β€Ž π‘Šβ€Ž π‘Š‚β€Ž π‘Šƒβ€Ž π‘Š„β€Ž π‘Š…β€Ž π‘Š†β€Ž π‘Šˆβ€Ž π‘ŠŠβ€Ž π‘Š‹β€Ž π‘ŠŒβ€Ž π‘Šβ€Ž π‘Šβ€Ž
U+1129x π‘Šβ€Ž π‘Š‘β€Ž π‘Š’β€Ž π‘Š“β€Ž π‘Š”β€Ž π‘Š•β€Ž π‘Š–β€Ž π‘Š—β€Ž π‘Š˜β€Ž π‘Š™β€Ž π‘Ššβ€Ž π‘Š›β€Ž π‘Šœβ€Ž π‘Šβ€Ž π‘ŠŸβ€Ž
U+112Ax π‘Š β€Ž π‘Š‘β€Ž π‘Š’β€Ž π‘Š£β€Ž π‘Š€β€Ž π‘Š₯β€Ž π‘Š¦β€Ž π‘Š§β€Ž π‘Š¨β€Ž π‘Š©β€Ž
Notes
1.^As of Unicode version 17.0
2.^Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
Watch videos about Multani scriptExplainers and documentaries on YouTube (opens in a new tab)

Sources and credits

This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article β€œMultani script”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.

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