Lymphocyte antigen 96
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Lymphocyte antigen 96, also known as "Myeloid Differentiation factor 2 (MD-2)," is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LY96 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is involved in binding lipopolysaccharide with Toll-Like Receptor (TLR4).
01Function
The MD-2 protein appears to associate with toll-like receptor 4 on the cell surface and confers responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thus providing a link between the receptor and LPS signaling. That is, the primary interface between TLR4 and MD-2 is formed before binding LPS and the dimerization interface is induced by binding LPS.
02Structure
03Interactions
Lymphocyte antigen 96 has been shown to interact with TLR 4.
When LPS binds to a hydrophobic pocket in MD-2, it directly mediates dimerization of the two TLR4-MD-2 complexes. Thus, TLR4 and MD-2 form a heterodimer that recognizes a common pattern in structurally diverse LPS molecules. These interactions allow TLR4 to recognize LPS. Macrophages in MD-2 knockout mice are unresponsive to LPS.
LPS is extracted from the bacterial membrane and transferred to TLR4-MD-2 by two accessory proteins, LPS-binding protein and CD14, to induce innate immune response.
Sources and credits
This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article “Lymphocyte antigen 96”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.
Images, from Wikimedia Commons:
- Protein LY96 PDB 1T2Z.png by Pleiotrope, Public domain
- Toll-like receptor pathways revised.jpg by The original uploader was Subclavian at English Wikipedia., Public domain
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