.exe
Filename extension for a native executable program
In Windows, OS/2, and DOS, .exe is the filename extension for a file that is runnable as a native executable computer program. Such a file is sometimes referred to an EXE , as one historical way to identify a file extension is without the dot prefix and capitalized.
01File formats
Although the EXE file format has a common lineage across related operating system (OS) versions, the format was enhanced over time. Some amount of backward compatibility was supported in later versions but earlier versions cannot run an EXE formatted for a newer version. Formats include:
- DOS MZ executable
- The DOS MZ executable format is used by MS-DOS compatible operating systems. This format is 16-bit.
- New Executable
- The New Executable (NE) format was introduced with the multitasking MS-DOS 4.0 and also used by 16-bit OS/2 and Windows. This format is 16-bit.
- Linear Executable
- The Linear Executable (LE) format is mixed 16/32-bit and was introduced with OS/2 2.0. VxD drivers on Windows 3.x and Windows 9x also use this format. There is a 2-bit only version identified as LX was also introduced with OS/2 2.0 and runs on OS/2 2.0 and higher.
- Portable Executable
- Introduced with Windows NT, the Portable Executable (PE) format is a fat binary consisting of both a DOS and a Windows part. The DOS stub is runnable on a DOS system but is ignored by Windows. The Microsoft C++ linker, by default, adds a small DOS program that prints the message: "This program cannot be run in DOS mode" and exits. Windows ignores the DOS stub and executes the 32-bit Windows-specific portion. With some linkers, it is possible to specify a custom DOS stub. Indeed, there are a few dual programs, such as regedit in Windows 95 and old versions of WinZIP self extractors. A 64-bit version, PE32+, was introduced with 64-bit versions of Windows. In most cases, code can be written to simply work as either a 32 or 64-bit PE file. This format also includes a DOS stub.
- Other
- There are other EXE formats, including but not limited to W3 (a collection of LE files, only used in WIN386.EXE), W4 (a compressed collection of LE files, only used in VMM32.VXD), DL, MP, P2, P3 (last three used by Phar Lap extenders).
Sources and credits
This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article “.exe”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.
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