Differentiation

• Product differentiation, in marketing
• Differentiated service, a service that varies with the identity of the consumer or the context in which the service is used

Biology and medicine

• Cellular differentiation, in biology
• Differentiation (journal), a peer-reviewed academic journal covering cell differentiation and cell development
• Developmental biology, the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop
• Differentiation therapy, a cancer treatment in which malignant cells are encouraged to differentiate into more mature forms using pharmacological agents

Geology

• Igneous differentiation, in geology
• Planetary differentiation, in planetary science and geology

Social sciences

• Differentiation (economics), the process of making a product different from other similar products
• Differentiation (ethnography), the invention of ostensible differences between cultures
• Differentiation (linguistics), in semantics, a meaning shift reached by "adding concepts to the original concepts"
• Differentiation (sociology), a feature of modern society, and way of dealing with complexity
• Differentiated instruction, in education
• Inductive reasoning aptitude, in psychology

Other uses in science, technology, and mathematics

• Differentiation (mathematics), the process of finding a derivative
• Differentiated security, a form of computer security that deploys different security policies and mechanisms according to the identity and context of a user or transaction