Reference articles on history, science, culture and more
Encyclopedia

Cyberflashing

Sending of obscene images to strangers via Internet services

Image credit is listed at the end of this article.

Cyberflashing involves sending obscene pictures to strangers online, often done through Bluetooth or AirDrop transfers between devices.

The first mainstream coinage of the term occurred around 13 August 2015, after a female commuter was AirDropped two pictures of a penis. The case was reported to the British Transport Police who indicated that as the pictures were declined, insufficient data was recorded by the receiving phone and could not provide suitable evidence.

01Methodology

An appropriately equipped device can seek out any active peers within about 10 metres (32 ft 10 in). The harassing individual can make an initial connection with any device that is open to all users. A photo can then be sent with a preview of the photo being shown to the device's owner at the same time as a request to allow the connection. Therefore, the harassment (the "flashing") can occur before a specific connection is authorized.

02Incidents

On 13 August 2017, the New York Post reported that at least two women were sent nude pictures while commuting. A HuffPost reporter in the UK was also sent more than 100 sexual pictures while commuting. This case was reported to the British Transport Police, and when these news stories were published, several women indicated to the publications that they had suffered similar harassment. However, UK police forces indicate very few complaints about these actions despite "a growing awareness" of it occurring. This indicates a wide level of under-reporting and thus few arrests and prosecutions.

In Australia, in May 2018, it was reported that cyberflashing was increasingly common as a prank used by children, popular due to its ease in targeting multiple individuals very rapidly in a fairly unidentifiable fashion.

In Israel, in May 2022, an AnadoluJet flight aborted its takeoff at Ben Gurion Airport after pictures of airplane crashes were distributed among passengers via AirDrop.

04Legislation

In the United States and United Kingdom, there have been several pieces of proposed legislation to combat cyberflashing. In April 2022, the state of Virginia passed Senate Bill 493, which prescribes civil penalties for an adult who knowingly sends another adult sexually explicit images without their consent. The U.K. government passed the Online Safety Act 2023 in October 2023. The CONSENT Act, a federal bill which “aims to provide protection for recipients of sexually explicit images, including images manipulated by artificial intelligence or machine learning", was introduced in the United States in 2024.

Watch videos about CyberflashingExplainers and documentaries on YouTube (opens in a new tab)

Sources and credits

This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article Cyberflashing, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.

Images, from Wikimedia Commons:

Fathomly is not affiliated with or endorsed by the Wikimedia Foundation. Spotted a problem? Tell us.