CDKAL1
Protein-coding gene in humans
CDKAL1 (Cdk5 regulatory associated protein 1-like 1) is a gene in the methylthiotransferase family. The complete physiological function and implications of this have not been fully determined. CDKAL1 is known to code for CDK5, a regulatory subunit-associated protein 1. This protein CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1 is found broadly across tissue types including neuronal tissues and pancreatic beta cells. CDKAL1 is suspected to be involved in the CDK5/p35 pathway, in which p35 is the activator for CDK5 which regulates several neuronal functions.
01Structure and function
Structurally CDKAL1 contains two iron (Fe) sulfur (S) clusters, therefore its function can be reduced by inhibiting Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. Enzymatically, CDKAL1 catalyzes methylthiolation of N6-threonylcarbamoyl adenosine 37 (t6A37) in cytosolic tRNA, which has been determined to stabilize anticodon-codon interactions during translation.
02Clinical significance
In humans, CDKAL1 is indicated to be involved in type II diabetes. Mutations in CDKAL1 and TCF7L2 have been associated with low production of insulin. Some studies indicate that CDKAL1 variants modify tRNA resulting in increased risks of type II diabetes as well as obesity. Variation in CDKAL1 was also attributed to differences in energy regulation. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis resulted in the discovery of the mechanism of glucose and insulin responses demonstrated in the figure. From this relationship, it has been hypothesized that the regulatory genes CDKAL1 and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) are related to environmental selectivity and adaptive immunity.
Genome-wide association studies have linked single nucleotide polymorphisms in an intron on chromosome 6 with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes`. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010].
03Animal studies
In mice, CDKAL1 impairment reduces the mouse's ability to maintain glucose homeostasis and causes pancreatic islet hypertrophy, or pancreatic lesions.
Sources and credits
This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article “CDKAL1”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.
Images, from Wikimedia Commons:
- Ideogram human chromosome 6.svg by National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Public domain
- CDKAL and GIP Variant Schematic.png by Chang, Chia Lin; Cai, James J.; Huang, Shang Yu; Cheng, Po Jen; Chueh, Ho Yen; Hsu, Sheau Yu Teddy, CC BY 4.0
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