Surinamese Maroons
Ethnic group of enslaved African origin
Surinamese Maroons (also Marrons, Businenge or Bushinengue, meaning black people of the forest) are the descendants of enslaved Africans that escaped from the plantations and settled in the inland of Suriname. The Surinamese Maroon culture is one of the best-preserved pieces of cultural heritage outside of Africa. Colonial warfare, land grabs, natural disasters and migration have marked Maroon history. In Suriname six Maroon groups, or tribes, can be distinguished from each other. They themselves form a subgroup of the Afro-Surinamese.
01Demographics
There are six major groups of Surinamese Maroons, who settled along different river banks:
- Aluku (or Boni) at the Commewijne River later Marowijne River,
- Kwinti at the Coppename River,
- Matawai at the Saramacca River,
- Ndyuka (or Aukan) at the Marowijne and Commewijne Rivers
- Paamaka (Paramaccan) at the Marowijne River
- Saamaka (Saramaccan) at the Suriname River
02Language
The sources of the Surinamese Maroon vocabulary are the English language, Portuguese, some Dutch and a variety of African languages. Between 5% and 20% of the vocabulary is of African origin. Its phonology is closest to that of African languages. The Surinamese Maroons have developed a system of meaning-distinctive intonation, as is common in Africa.
03Religion
The traditional Surinamese Maroon religion is called Winti. It is a syncretization of different African religious beliefs and practices brought in mainly by the Akan and Fon enslaved peoples. Winti is typical for Suriname, where it originated. The religion has a pantheon of spirits called Winti. Ancestor veneration is central. It has no written sources, nor a central authority. Practising Winti was forbidden by law for nearly one hundred years. Since the 1970s, many Maroons have moved to urban areas and have become evangelical. After the turn of the millennium Winti gained momentum. It is becoming more popular, especially in the Maroon diaspora.
| Religion of Surinamese Maroons (2012) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Religion | Number of adherents | % |
| Christianity | 74,392 | 63.3% |
| Catholic | 27,626 | 23.5% |
| Pentecostal | 21,746 | 18.5% |
| Moravian Church | 19,093 | 16.2% |
| Other christian | 5,927 | 5.1% |
| No religion | 25,270 | 21.5% |
| Winti | 9,657 | 8.2% |
| No answer | 5,116 | 4.4% |
| Other | 1,755 | 1.5% |
| Don't know | 1,377 | 1.2% |
| Total | 117,567 | 100.0% |
Sources and credits
This article is adapted from the Wikipedia article “Surinamese Maroons”, written by its contributors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Fathomly has changed the layout, removed citation markers, navigation and maintenance notices, and adjusted punctuation. This adapted version is shared under the same license. For references, see the original article.
Images, from Wikimedia Commons:
- KITLV - 104055 - Maroon family in Surinam - circa 1900.tif by Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain
- Tribal communities Suriname.png by Katia Delvoye, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Choropletenkaart Marrons Suriname.png by Amphicoelias, CC BY 4.0
- Maroon women with washing Suriname River 1955.jpg by The original uploader was John Hill at English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0
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